人性本质的开端是善或恶？成长与改变的原因是源自遗传或环境？人类发展的过程是如小树苗渐成大树般的量变、还是如毛毛虫变成蝴蝶般的质变？这些哲学争辩显示了同一个发展现象背后可能有不同的立场，因而需以纵贯追踪或横跨不同世代的跨龄研究设计探讨人类发展的本质。此外，发展心理学欲瞭解的对象往往包括无法听从研究者指示、或无法以语言、文字充分表达自己的婴幼儿与儿童，因此需以特殊的研究派典才能回答发展趋势、发展歷程是否為连续、以及个别差异是否随发展保持稳定等议题。因此，本课程的主旨有二，一為说明各种看待发展的哲学观、另一则為介绍发展心理学的研究设计与方法。
發展心理學：哲學觀與方法論 (Developmental Psychology: Philosophical Bases and Methodology)
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發展心理學：哲學觀與方法論 (Developmental Psychology: Philosophical Bases and Methodology)
Instructor: 雷庚玲
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4.6
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8 hours to complete
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There are 4 modules in this course
发展心理学所涵盖的研究领域及关心的年龄层包括哪些？本模组将介绍「发展」的意义以及发展心理学家所关心的发展议题，并将以「人生到处知何似，应似飞鸿踏雪泥，泥上偶然留指爪，鸿飞那復计东西」说明发展心理学家研究「发生」、「发展」、及「改变」的规则的重要性。
What's included
6 videos2 readings
人類發展到底源自先天、還是後天？本模組的第一部份將從「個體發生的初始狀態」及「個體發展的動力由何而來」兩個議題介紹先天與後天的哲學爭論。除將介紹西方哲學與宗教的思潮對個體發展的不同看法之外，也介紹中國古代的訓蒙典籍中對先天與後天的看法。最後則舉例說明單一的發展心理學理論如何可在「初始狀態」、「發展動力」兩個議題上分別嵌入先天、後天的不同假說。 人類發展的一般趨勢中，到底是被動地、機械性地累積經驗；還是隨著人類基因藍圖所鋪序的成熟過程而主動整合並創造經驗？本模組的第二部份將介紹「視發展為逐步累積的量變」的連續觀、與「視發展為個體主動整合經驗而產生質變」的不連續觀。此外，個體發展難免有個別差異，有些差異會隨著發展而穩定存在、有些差異則隨發展而有所更動。本模組將介紹先天與後天因素如何可分別及共同影響個別差異的發展穩定性。並解釋關鍵期/敏感期與個別差異穩定性的關聯。
What's included
6 videos2 readings1 assignment1 discussion prompt
对发生的初始状态、发展的动力、发展的一般趋势、或个别差异的稳定性等哲学假设，都需要靠实徵资料才得以检验。然而，未成年的婴幼儿或儿童往往无法听从研究者的指示而做反应，也无法以语言、文字充分表达自己看得见或听得见什麼，喜欢或偏好什麼，更别说表达自己的行為与态度有何特性。因此发展心理学家设计了不同的研究派典，以便能精準捕捉婴幼儿与儿童的知觉、认知、语言、及社会情绪的歷程。
What's included
5 videos1 assignment1 peer review
想要探討「發展的趨勢連續與否」、「發展的個別差異穩定與否」的議題，甚或只是想描繪「不同年齡的發展里程碑」，勢必都需要取得跨越不同年齡的資料。但要如何設計研究與招募不同年齡的參與者才不致使跨年齡的資料受到世代差異與測試時間差異的污染，就需要透過特殊的發展研究設計才能解決了。本模組將介紹「纵贯追踪设计」、「横断设计」、「序列设计」三種方法，及其優點與缺點。 此外，本模組也將介紹為了捕捉特定行為或概念如何逐步改變的「短時序設計」。最後，本課程也將簡介對未成年族群進行研究的特殊倫理考量。
What's included
5 videos1 reading1 assignment1 discussion prompt
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LC
5
Reviewed on May 29, 2022
课程帮我理解了长大后的一些性格原因是怎样在幼儿时期形成的，了解了一些实验设计方法，对小白来说，很受用，谢谢老师
SS
4
Reviewed on Jun 2, 2023
感谢帮我评估作业的同学罢罢我终于通关了这门课蛮有启发意义的，但是我还想提一些小建议如果讲方法论的时候可以结合现有的文献融合讲解应该会更帮助大家理解和应用，单讲比如说时间法研究有些难以实践
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