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In this module, we will dive into the fundamental elements that make up R programming. You鈥檒l learn how to create and work with different data types such as integers, doubles, characters, and logicals. We鈥檒l explore how functions operate, how to build your own functions, and how coercion rules affect data types. Additionally, we鈥檒l compare using the script editor versus the console for efficient coding.

In this module, we will focus on vectors, one of the fundamental data structures in R. You鈥檒l gain an understanding of how vectors are created and manipulated, learn about vector recycling, and discover how to name vectors for clarity. We鈥檒l also cover techniques for slicing and indexing vectors, and explore how to adjust the dimensions of objects to suit your data needs. Additionally, you鈥檒l be introduced to R鈥檚 help features to troubleshoot and expand your knowledge.

In this module, we will delve into matrices, another essential data structure in R. You鈥檒l learn how to create matrices both traditionally and with single-line commands for efficiency. We will explore matrix recycling, how to index specific elements, and techniques for slicing matrices to retrieve subsets of data. Additionally, you鈥檒l perform matrix arithmetic and operations, and explore related topics like handling categorical data, creating factors, and working with lists in R for more complex data management.

In this module, we will cover the core programming concepts that enable you to write efficient and flexible R code. You鈥檒l learn how to use relational and logical operators, work with vectors in logical operations, and control the flow of your program with if, else, and else if statements. We鈥檒l also explore loops鈥攕uch as for, while, and repeat鈥攁nd dive deeper into building functions with considerations for scoping and best practices. These concepts are crucial for automating tasks and structuring more complex R programs.

In this module, we will explore data frames, a vital data structure for handling tabular data in R. You鈥檒l learn how to create data frames, use the Tidyverse package to streamline data manipulation, and import/export datasets efficiently. We鈥檒l cover key techniques such as indexing, slicing, and extending data frames, along with strategies for managing missing data. These skills will equip you to work effectively with real-world datasets in R.

In this module, we will focus on essential data manipulation techniques that will allow you to work efficiently with large datasets in R. You鈥檒l explore the dplyr package for data transformation, including filtering, mutating, and summarizing data. We鈥檒l also cover how to sample data and utilize the pipe operator for chaining commands seamlessly. Lastly, you鈥檒l learn to tidy datasets using functions like gather, separate, unite, and spread, preparing data for analysis in a structured and clean format.

In this module, we will explore the powerful ggplot2 package for creating various types of data visualizations in R. You鈥檒l learn how to build histograms, bar charts, box plots, and scatterplots to visually interpret your data. We鈥檒l also revisit the role of variables and how they can be represented in graphical formats. These visualizations will help you uncover trends, patterns, and insights that are crucial in statistics and data science.

In this module, we will cover key concepts in exploratory data analysis (EDA) that help summarize and understand the structure of data. You鈥檒l learn the differences between populations and samples, calculate central tendency measures, and explore data distribution through skewness. We鈥檒l also dive into the measures of variability such as variance, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation, concluding with an introduction to covariance and correlation for identifying relationships between variables.

In this module, we will explore the fundamental concepts of hypothesis testing in statistical analysis. You鈥檒l learn about various distributions, the importance of standard error, and how to calculate and interpret confidence intervals. We鈥檒l also cover how to conduct hypothesis tests, the role of p-values, and the difference between testing when the population variance is known versus unknown. Additionally, you鈥檒l compare two means in both dependent and independent sample scenarios, while understanding potential errors that can occur during hypothesis testing.

In this module, we will dive into the fundamentals of linear regression analysis. You鈥檒l learn about the linear regression model, how it compares to correlation, and how to represent it geometrically. We鈥檒l guide you through running your first regression in R, interpreting the regression table, and understanding the decomposition of variability using SST, SSR, and SSE. Additionally, you鈥檒l explore the significance of R-squared and how it reflects the model鈥檚 explanatory power. These concepts are crucial for understanding relationships in data.