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This course covers the stages of drug discovery in which promising compounds (leads) are identified, their optimal and suboptimal characteristics determined, and the suboptimal characteristics optimized to create a candidate suitable for the clinic.  The course is built around a case study on the discovery of an antimalarial therapy.  Assays useful for screening new compounds are outlined, examples of selection criteria for leads are discussed - such as potency, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics - and the structure activity relationships that contribute to the optimization of a lead series are considered.  The phenotypic approach used by the antimalarial program will be briefly contrasted with a target-based program on a different target. Target audience: This course is suitable for life scientists, clinicians, and individuals from fields that support drug discovery (e.g., patents, finance, licensing, etc.) interested in learning more about the pharmaceutical/biotechnology sector. Advanced undergraduate coursework or practical familiarity/working knowledge in biological sciences and organic chemistry is recommended.