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Decades of launching spacecraft and upper stages have created an environment which requires understanding and counter measures. Space ebris is generated by break-ups, collisions, solid rocket motor firings, reactor coolant releases, paint flakes and ejecta. Models to describe the environment are calibrated with measurements from power radar stations, optical telescopes and in-situ data. Space surveillance means provide a catalogue of orbital elements and other information of objects in space. These catalogues facilitate collision avoidance, re-entry predictions, detecting fragmentation events, supporting operations and verification of compliance with regulations. Space debris mitigation is intended to reduce the increase in space debris in order to ensure space sustainability and minimise risk for humans, the Earth鈥檚 environment and assets associated with re-entry of space systems.